Essay Negative Stereotypes of Women - 1164 Words

N. Trevino English 1301 3 December 2011 The Negative Impact of Stereotypes Stereotype- a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group (Dictionary). In simpler words, stereotypes are judgments based on actions of an individual or small group, thought to be true about the rest of that group. Stereotypes refer to individuals perceptions that typically do not correspond to reality. A stereotype is a picture in the head, not an accurate mirror of the real world. Gender stereotypes, as well as many other stereotypes, possess falseness and are not always correct. Not only do gender stereotypes contain false assumptions, but can have lasting impacts of those who are†¦show more content†¦Prestige ratings of masculine occupations had a broader range, while ratings for feminine occupations had a very small range. In the second study, 20 men and women employed as human resource professionals rated 134 occupations using the same procedures used in the fi rst study. Results revealed that 15.7 percent of the occupations were rated as feminine, 8.9 percent as neutral, and 75.4 percent as masculine. Prestige ratings for feminine occupations again had a very small range (Education Resources Info Center). The findings of these studies suggest a majority of occupations are perceived as being masculine, and those viewed as feminine are thought to be less prestigious. In response to the occupational stereotypes of genders, statistics show men actually receive larger payments than women in certain careers. Based on data gathered by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, female physicians and surgeons set the list as the top paying job. These women earned a median of $1,618 per week, or about $84,000 a year, more than any other profession tracked by the BLS. Though male doctors continue to earn more than female doctors, the pay gap has narrowed each year; it’s now at 29 percent versus 41 percent two years ago (BLS). As for elementary and middle school teachers, women earn 87.6 cents for a mans dollar and registered women nurses earn 87.4 cents for a mansShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : The Four Young Boys 1520 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, gender stereotypes and the topic of stereotypes remain a central focus of art and individual discussion. Rob Reiner addresses stereotypes in Reiner’s film Stand by Me when he sheds light on multiple stereotypes in society. Throughout the film, Gordon, Chris, Vern, and Teddy, the main characters in the movie, frequently describe each other with derogatory terms, which characterize stereotypes in American culture. In Reiner’s movie, the four young boys follow the stereotypes that society establishesRead MoreEssay on Do Not Judge Me: Stereotypes are Ruining Our Society1513 Words   |  7 PagesStereotypes â€Å"Dumbjocks†, â€Å"Women don’t belong in a professional setting, they belong in the kitchen†, â€Å"He must be a Jew, just look at his no se.(stereotypes and prejudices, para. 1) Today’s society is based solely on face values where people tend to place someone in a category because of those individuals actions. (Mcrae Stangore, 1996, p. 13) Prejudicial notations used to define members of a social or ethnic group are called stereotypes. People stereotype various groups of people, but none likeRead MoreThe Stereotypes Of Stereotypes And Stereotypes977 Words   |  4 PagesBreaking Stereotypes The labeling or stereotyping of different races often define how they are supposed to act, think, and conduct themselves within society. Stereotyping can have an extremely negative effect on individuals in a particular ethnic group that have a real potential to become something better than what their labels define them as. Stereotypes such as all Native Americans are uneducated and lazy, or all Caucasian people are racists, are assumptions that can cause hatred between racesRead MoreCommon Stereotypes and Their Impact954 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Introduction A stereotype is in basic terms the generalization of certain groups of people based on either widely-held assumptions or characteristics/behaviors of small samples of the said groups. In this text, I identify three stereotypes I encounter in my daily life and the effect such stereotypes have on other people. The arguments that could be used to either support or discredit the said stereotypes will also be highlighted. Stereotypes Common Stereotypes and their Impact We all encounterRead MoreEssay on Cultural and Racial Stereotyping1439 Words   |  6 Pages Most people find stereotypes to be obnoxious, especially when they have to do with sensitive subjects like gender or race. â€Å"Stereotyping is a generalization about a group or category of people that can have a powerful influence on how we perceive others and their communication behaviors† (Floyd, 61). Because they underestimate the differences among individuals in a group, stereotyping can lead to inaccurate and offensive perceptions of other people. Although stereotypes are prevalent in almost everyRead MoreStereotype Threat And Its Effect On Social Group836 Words   |  4 PagesWhen reminding individuals about the existing stereotype on a specific task of their social group and their membership in this specific social group, these individuals perform worse on the specific task (Steele Aronson, 1995 in Krendl, Richeson, Kelley, Heatherton, 2008). This phenomenon is called ste reotype threat. Stereotype threat is stated as the performance reducer when a negative stereotype message about someone’s own group is made salient to evaluate the performance and any of the member’sRead MoreVodka Ad1105 Words   |  5 PagesMoreover, Skyy Vodka has been known for their provocative nature and underlying stereotypes found throughout their ads. Stereotypes are something conforming to a fixed or general pattern, especially  a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment (â€Å"Stereotype,† par. 1). Most Skyy Vodka ads portray women as inferior to men and as sexual objects instead of human beings. These Skyy VodkaRead MoreEssay about Gender Based Stereotype in the Media1723 Words   |  7 Pages The problem hence emerges when the media insinuate the wrong and negative messages, consequently leading to unwarranted stereotypes. Particularly, the media can lead to gender based stereotypes when to communicate the wrong type of messages (Wood 31). On the contrary, there are certain scholars who believe the media is a mirror of the society. It is not directly responsible for any stereotypes but rather highlight the stereotypes existing in the society (Tozer, Gallegos, Henry, Greiner 444). WhileRead Morehow stereotype threat may cause poor performance in women Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe view that women lack the intellect to succeeded in STEM disciplines has been a prevailing one for much of history (Cadinu, Maass, Rosabianca, Kiesner, 2005). Many researchers have questioned whether it is social stigma impeding female success or indeed basic biological differences that make males are more successful in these fields than women (Smith, Sansone, White, 2007). One theory explaining why low number of females achieve STEM degrees attributes its cause to stereotype threat (SchmaderRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1293 Words   |  6 Pagesaffects society. One of the most prominent explanations of those questions is the way media influences stereotypes. There has been previous research linking media sources and biased attitudes. This research paper explores articles supporting media as an influence of stereotypes. The perceptions of society are influenced by media. The media influences perception in many different aspects of life. Stereotypes act as cognitive schemas, used to help us process and organize information about the social world

Citizen Kane in a Century Free Essays

The film most likely to be seen and reviewed one hundred years from now is Citizen Kane. The reason Citizen Kane will most likely withstand the next century above the others is the timelessness the concept of the film carries. Based on the media tycoon William Randolph Hearst, the film conveys the sense that the media is controlled by the few with the most money and the most power, a concept that lends itself especially well to film in terms of plot development and tension. We will write a custom essay sample on Citizen Kane in a Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plot and tension garner a large audience that might not otherwise be united on what makes a successful film. For instance, Welles’ use of then-innovative cinematic techniques might be the wedge between an average movie-goer and a film critic, but the use of these techniques added dimension to the plot and tension in ways that previously been unexplored. Now seen as part of the cinematic canon, low camera angles make Kane’s character appear larger-than-life, adding to the dramatic tension. Facial close-ups also added to film’s mood, as the audience became enmeshed in the complexity of the characters and what happened to them. The use of flashbacks was also innovative, telling a story onscreen in a then-unconventional way, adding layers and giving the audience cues into the nature of Kane’s rise to the top of the journalism field, the power and wealth it allowed him, and the crushing fall the fickleness of the media to which he was pushed. Citizen Kane will survive the coming century because it broke ground in narrative technique as well as cinematic creativity, paving the way for all the other films viewed this semester. Martha Stewart: The New Kane? Citizen Kane updated for the times would ambitiously look at the rise, fall, and subsequent rise of home-decorating mogul Martha Stewart. The star would be Cate Blanchett, as she would fit the role physically as well as act the role remarkably. Hilary Swank would play Stewart’s daughter, Alexis, and her husband, Andy, would be Robert Downey Jr. Extensive research would be done, of course, to make the parallels between the real life person on which the film is based and the fictional character representing that person. The title character would be Ruth Helen Kane so as to keep the original film title in tact, to keep the parallel somewhat acute (Stewart’s middle name is Helen), and to play on the word ruthless. The film would be shot using the same cinematic techniques in the same way as Welles used in his original film—heavy use of flashbacks, facial close ups, low camera angles, extended and uninterrupted scenes, subjective use of lighting, and focus shots. The difference would be that the film would not end with the character in jail, but would follow the steady rise back into her original position of power. Martha Stewart as subject would testify to the short attention span of the public today, as well as insinuate that power and wealth make everyone forget the past, alluding to the 1984 Orwell ominously warned us about. This remake of the 1941 classic film would stay true to the original in the exploration of power and corruption but resonate with audiences today because of the obsession with celebrities and a desire to see them disgraced. Personality and Character Woody Allen is a personality star because he never breaks away from the same persona—an eccentric, extremely intelligent, inherently nervous New York Jew. His performance in Annie Hall cements his status as the eccentric, intelligent, nervous New York Jew because he says so throughout the film and throughout the others he writes, directs, and stars in. William Holden is a character star because he plays a believable Max Schumacher, and watching the film I see Max, the character, not Bill, the leading man. Compared to Annie Hall, where I see Woody, the writer/director/actor, rather than Alvie, the character, Holden’s performance makes me see the character, not the actor. Dustin Hoffman is another character star. His Ben Braddock recalls a vivid sense of youth that anyone can relate to, and Hoffman plays him so well that it would be easy to see Hoffman as Braddock in subsequent films were Hoffman not an excellent actor. Billy Bob Thornton is yet another character star, delivering one of the best performances of all the films this semester. The seeming detachment from emotion Karl breathes is conveyed in a clean, authentic manner, making Thornton more of a vessel for the character rather than a messenger. Robert Duvall is a character actor through and through. His characters in Apocalypse Now, Network and even in The Conversation are different from each other, and his long list of credits reveal that Duvall remains a diverse actor in a variety of roles. He does not come off as pigeon-holed into an actor playing the same character in different roles. Narrative in Annie Hall and Citizen Kane Annie Hall begins at the end of the relationship, with Alvie talking directly to the audience about his relationship with the title character, Annie Hall. The story is told through the use of flashbacks of Alvie’s previous relationships and his childhood, told often as if he is himself telling Annie these flashbacks. Such a scene occurs specifically when he and Annie go to Coney Island with Alvie’s friend and Alvie is telling Annie about his mother and father and family. The present Annie and Alvie walk in to the past Alvie’s home to look in on past Alvie’s parents and family and house. The scene cuts through the narrative barrier in flashback and brings the presents visibly into the past rather than separating the two. Allen uses the flashback in this way to show how people are forever bound to the past and carry it with them as if they always lived in it. Citizen Kane also relies heavily on flashback to tell its story and begins much the same way Annie Hall does, at the end of the story, Kane’s death. The audience sees Kane die, learns that he has in fact died via newspaper media, and then systematically learns about the road to his death. The reporter sent to investigate the man behind the mogul uncovers the life of Kane, told via the people who were closest to him. The use of flashback works especially well in learning how Kane came under guardianship of Thatcher, and the flashback is revealed via Thatcher’s memoirs rather than Thatcher himself. Such use of flashback reveals how much information is attained when first-hand sources are unavailable. How to cite Citizen Kane in a Century, Papers

Conservatism, Judaism Essay Example For Students

Conservatism, Judaism Essay Conservative Judaism: Inception, History and Way Of LifeThe term Conservative had been attached to the moderates by the Reformers because the moderates had branded them as radicals. This name hardly describes the movement aptly. Conservative Judaism, is the American version of the principles of positive historical Judaism. The conservatives accept the findings of modern scholarship that Judaism is the product of a long period of growth and evolution. However, this process did not result in broken or inconsistent lines of development; quite the contrary, the major currents of Judaism run consistently through the extensive literature of the Jewish people, created in successive ages. (Rudavsky 338)Conservative Judaism is one of the largest of the various sects of Judaism. Conservative Jews make up about 40-45% of those Jews who affiliate. Conservative Judaism accepts the idea that Jewish law is binding upon Jews. Conservative Jews have an obligation to obey all the teachings and command ments of Judaism., For example, Conservative Jews emphasize the laws of keeping the Sabbath and keeping kosher. Conservative Jews believe that Jewish law is capable of evolution as humans learn more about interpreting the Torah. Therefore, Conservative Jews have changed some of the earlier interpretations. Men and women worship together in Conservative synagogues, people may ride in a car on the Sabbath to attend services, and women can be ordained as rabbis. Issac Leeser is generally regarded as the principal forerunner of Conservative Judaism in the United States. A native of Westphalia, Lesser acquired his religious and secular education before coming to American in 1824. He settled in Richmond, Virginia, where he was employed for several years in his uncles business. At the same time, he assisted the hazzan in the religious school of the local Sephardic congregation. During this period, he gained prominence by publishing numerous articles in defense of Jews and Judaism in Americ an and foreign journals.(Dimont 231)Some Jews who affiliate with the Conservative sect claim that their main reason for belonging is the fact that they dont want to be Orthodox nor Reformed. While some individuals describe themselves as Conservative because of their alienation from Orthodox practices, others define themselves from the opposite direction they point out that they are not reform. (Sklare 206) For the most part, Conservative Jews feel that if one were to be reformed they would not really be Jewish. The Reformed sect, unlike the conservative do not obey most of the Jewish laws and traditions. Conservative Jew describes Reform as cold, churchlike, or going too far, rather than as being subversive or heretical. (Sklare 206)Although Conservative Jews do not associate themselves with the Reform movement, they are still influenced by some of their ideas. Conservatism has borrowed a number of the innovations instituted by the Reform wing. Orthodoxy, particularly in America has done likewise, though to a lesser degree. Among these changes are the improved decorum, the use of the vernacular and the regular sermon at services, as well as confirmation exercises in various forms. Mixed pews, the organ, and the elimination of the benediction by the priestly caste are among the modifications adopted by the Conservative congregations.(Gordis 122)Conservative Judaism says that the laws of the Torah and Talmud are of divine origin, and mandates the following of Jewish Law. At the same time, the Conservative movement recognizes the human element in the Torah and Talmud, and accepts modern scholarship that shows that Jewish writings also show the influence of other cultures, and in general can be treated as historical documents. The founders of the Conservative movement, the youngest group in modern Judaism, had no wish to create a new alignment in Judaism. They sought, rather, to unite all Jews who had a positive attitude toward Jewish tradition, in spite of variat ions in detail. Nonetheless, life itself led to the crystallization of Conservative Judaism, which is dedicated to the conservatism and development of traditional Judaism in the modern spirit.(Gordis 216)Since the inception of Conservative Judaism in the late 19th century, it is committed to Judaism not only as a faith but also as a system of law, and to the norms of ritual behavior. Conservative Judaism formally involves strict Jewish religious practice of the laws of diet and Sabbath-observance. For many Jews in the Gilded Age of the late nineteenth century, Reform was traveling too fast and too far to the left. The Conservative movement long ago ruled that mixed seating was permitted in religious services and so was driving to the synagogue on the Sabbath. Unlike Orthodox, the Conservative allows women rabbis instead of the traditional service lead by men. Of the three main Jewish sects in America, Reform Judaism has thus far been the prime force in getting things done, supplying thus far been the prime force in getting things done, supplying most of the ideas, money and leadership. Reform has remained in the vanguard of everything new in secular American Judaism. But it is no longer foremost Jewish religious sect. Nor is it any longer foremost in Jewish scholarship. Here the unaffiliated and Conservative have overtaken it.(Rudavsky 338)In order to get a better understanding of how Conservative Jews felt about the sect that they identify themselves with, I asked them the question: What do you mean when you say that you are ConservativeMy friend Josh Schwartz from Brooklyn said Well, I obey some laws and Im not Orthodox, so I guess Im somewhere in between the two My parents brought me up believing in the Conservative way of life. I go to a Conservative Temple, so Im Conservative. When I asked the same question to my Jewish friend from Long Island he responded with: My parents buy kosher meat and we eat kosher in the house but I often eat non-kosher when Im out with friends. I think Im conserving time when I go to a Conservative temple instead of those drawn out services that are conducted in Orthodox temples. Both of the responses I received revolved around their parents. I think for the most part, Conservative Judaism is placed upon the person instead of deciding which sect you want to belong to on your own. Growing up in Brooklyn I attended an Orthodox Hebrew school, a Conservative Jewish day camp and belonged to numerous Jewish youth groups. Most of my friends when I was growing up were Jewish. We belonged to the same temple and participated in the same traditions. Brooklyn is made up of a wide range of Jewish sects and groups. In my neighborhood, the most common of all are the conservative Jews. My grandparents came to this country from Eastern Europe after the endof World War II. They escaped only with their lives and their belief in the JewishFaith. They came to this country to escape the persecution of Nazi Germany. What they found were people who were just like them seeking the teachings of the Conservative sect. Growing up in a conservative Jewish household has had a great impact on my life. El Nino Essay Of the three main Jewish sects in America, Reform Judaism has thus far been the prime force in getting things done, supplying thus far been the prime force in getting things done, supplying most of the ideas, money and leadership. Reform has remained in the vanguard of everything new in secular American Judaism. But it is no longer foremost Jewish religious sect. Nor is it any longer foremost in Jewish scholarship. Here the unaffiliated and Conservative have overtaken it.(Rudavsky 338)In order to get a better understanding of how Conservative Jews felt about the sect that they identify themselves with, I asked them the question: What do you mean when you say that you are ConservativeMy friend Josh Schwartz from Brooklyn said Well, I obey some laws and Im not Orthodox, so I guess Im somewhere in between the two My parents brought me up believing in the Conservative way of life. I go to a Conservative Temple, so Im Conservative. When I asked the same question to my Jewi sh friend from Long Island he responded with: My parents buy kosher meat and we eat kosher in the house but I often eat non-kosher when Im out with friends. I think Im conserving time when I go to a Conservative temple instead of those drawn out services that are conducted in Orthodox temples. Both of the responses I received revolved around their parents. I think for the most part, Conservative Judaism is placed upon the person instead of deciding which sect you want to belong to on your own. Growing up in Brooklyn I attended an Orthodox Hebrew school, a Conservative Jewish day camp and belonged to numerous Jewish youth groups. Most of my friends when I was growing up were Jewish. We belonged to the same temple and participated in the same traditions. Brooklyn is made up of a wide range of Jewish sects and groups. In my neighborhood, the most common of all are the conservative Jews. My grandparents came to this country from Eastern Europe after the endof World War II. They escaped only with their lives and their belief in the JewishFaith. They came to this country to escape the persecution of Nazi Germany. What they found were people who were just like them seeking the teachings of the Conservative sect. Growing up in a conservative Jewish household has had a great impact on my life. I was Bar-Mitzvahed in a conservative temple in Brooklyn, which is also the same temple that my parents got married. I attend religious services for the high holidays and obey the laws of Passover, Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah and Hanukah. I do not keep the Sabbath and I do not adhere to the kashert laws. Most people that I know who are of the conservative sect obey and disobey the same laws as I. Youth groups like United Synagogue Youth and the Binai Brith Association are major contributors in keeping the conservative sect alive. USY is a youth group established by the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism in the hopes but with the intent to foster further continuation in the conservative community. Binai Brith is non denominational and is constantly shifting between reformed and conservative depending on the community in which that chapter is located. Jewish Youth groups throughout the country has had a great impact on the young Jews of America by teaching the religion and providin g a entertaining atmosphere at the same time. In my opinion Orthodox means obeying every Jewish law to the fullest effect. Some of my friends who are Orthodox are curious to what its like to go out on Friday nights? Or, What does real pizza taste like? But when it comes down to it, they have devoted their lives to G-d and religion and would never disobey the laws. Sometimes when Im driving around the area on a Saturday morning, I see Orthodox Jews walking to their temple which is sometimes miles away from their house. The reformed on the other hand are the complete opposite of the Orthodox. Ive been to Jewish Reformed services at my friends temple where I would see a woman rabbi playing guitar and singing along at the same time. Sometimes the congregation members arent even wearing yamaurlkahs. Conservative Judaism to me for most Jews in this country is the American way of life. We believe in G-d, belong to temples, engage in religious events and take part in the traditions. We do not dedicate our lives to the religion nor do we say that we are perfect Jews. What we do say is that we are Jewish and affiliate ourselves with other Jews of various sects. Unlike the Hassidim who constantly fight within their own community, Conservative Jews have a common understanding for the religion and one another. Conservatism continues to be the most popular sect of Judaism and continues to be a driving force in America. Category: Religion